Impacts of climatic variability on surface water area observed by remotely sensed imageries in the Red River Basin

Recent wetting in the Northern Great Plain (NGP) exerted strong influences on lakes and wetlands. However, influence of recent increase precipitation spatiotemporal variation surface water area is poorly understood Red River Basin (RRB, northern United States southern Canada). Here, we used a high-resolution global dataset to understand dynamics annual, total, permanent, seasonal extent RRB. Monthly investigated detect change extent. We found four distinct phases water: Phase 1 (1990–2001, wetting); 2 (2002- 2005, dry); 3 (2006–2013, 4 (2014–2019, drying). A bare land permanent switch observed during 1, while other have experienced relatively little fluctuation. Findings implications for nutrient concentration assessment